Before the age of nationalism, Finns were Swedish subjects, which meant they paid taxes to the King of Sweden, served in the Swedish army, and so on.
The hallmarks of civilization at the time – Christianity, writing, organized armies, etc. – were closely associated with Swedish rule in Finland.
A map showing some of the areas that were temporarily under Swedish rule after the conquest of Finland – what was actually ruled was a different matter
But this applies mainly to the coastal areas (and to some extent to Tavastria). Outside of these areas, Finland is basically Finnish, where Finnish-speaking people have lived for thousands of years.
The Swedish crown was primarily interested in economic and military matters, and was less concerned with nationalistic assimilation efforts, so there was no real effort to turn Finns into Swedes.
As long as the Finns paid their taxes and provided good soldiers, the Swedish crown was happy. If they wanted to advance in the army or in the church, then they had to learn Swedish.
Having said that, people have been moving back and forth across the Baltic Sea for centuries, through assimilation, and modern genetic testing has proven this fact (my daughter has Finnish blood on her mother’s side, probably going back a century), so in Sweden people make Finns into Swedes by having children, and vice versa.
However, language and culture are not passed on genetically; Finnish and Swedish are similar to Chinese and Korean. Except for loanwords, Finnish has no real similarity to Swedish, just as Danish is close to Swedish in my home country of Scania.
When nationalism and anti-imperialism emerged, the Finns were Russian subjects and therefore no longer a problem for the Swedish authorities.
Swedish is taught in Finland as part of the school curriculum, but with the declining importance of Sweden in the global environment and the increasing importance of English, it is a dying practice that is basically only retained for historical reasons.
The disintegration of the Soviet Union was an inevitable event, but the loss of the Cold War by the Soviet Union was an inevitable event. Ancient Russia, like China, is a typical representative of a large number of people. This kind of country is characterized by its huge size. As long as it is united enough, it is almost impossible to lose an overall battle. This is a typical case whether it is the Soviet Union’s resistance to the mustache or the Republic of China’s resistance to Japan. As long as countries of the size of China and Russia are united enough, it is impossible for them to be defeated by external forces. Even if it is as fragile as the Republic of China, it can rely on its size advantage to carry a small Japan.
However, the characteristics of this kind of country are that it has a huge amount of resources and may have a high international status, but most of the time, its people are not doing well because the per capita resources are not much. Russia’s situation is more special. Its per capita resources are absolutely worth a lot, but limited by the difficulty of development and traffic conditions, it is difficult to ensure that everyone can enjoy these resources. (For a counter example, you can look at the United States. There are many people in the same land, but the superior climate and transportation conditions make the economic foundations of the United States and Russia very different.) In the era when Tsarist Russia was called the European military police, Tsarist Russia was still engaged in serfdom. When the First World War broke out, European countries had already entered a civilized society. The soldiers of Tsarist Russia were also called “gray animals”, and there were a large number of bandits and blood relatives in the territory. As a country, no monarch in Europe dares to despise Tsarist Russia, but as a commoner, living in Russia is vastly different from living in Western Europe. At the end of World War II, the Soviet Union counterattacked into the German mainland. After visiting the German homes, the Soviet soldiers were puzzled from the bottom of their hearts-they already lived in such luxury, why did they come to invade us?
The same is true of the Qing Dynasty. As the representative of China’s humiliating dynasty, the Qing Dynasty was full of martial arts in most of the time. Asian countries have few rivals, and the Nepalese, who cannot be beaten by the British, can handle the Qing Dynasty. With an agricultural country, it can deploy its forces into the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and win the war. This reflects the overall war power of a big country like China. After the Opium War and Shimonoseki, Xin Chou, in the final analysis, there was a problem within the Qing Dynasty. If the Qing Dynasty was a Han Dynasty, China would be so miserable in modern times. But the people of Qing Dynasty lived like slaves. When Macartney visited China, he was surprised at such a powerful country in Qing Dynasty. How did the people live like this? Thanks Dade even for some leftovers. This is the embarrassment of a country like China and Russia. In terms of material production, both countries are undoubtedly extremely rich. However, the population has greatly leveled these resources, making it difficult for the people of the two countries to live a richer life even in the prosperous times. It is normal for the country to be strong and the people to be weak. The situation of the Soviet Union is even more special. Although the population density of the Soviet Union is much lower than that of China, its climate and traffic conditions are also far worse than those of China, and the degree of development is far less than that of China. Although Russia’s territory is large, its natural conditions cannot be called superior (otherwise, it would not have such a large territory for him to monopolize). The Slavs have always been considered aliens by Europeans, mainly because of their poor living conditions.
If you look at the Soviet Union as a nation-state, what he is good at is total warfare, not living a good life. The living standard of Russians has never surpassed that of Western Europe, and the Soviet Union has played an extraordinary level. Therefore, what the Soviet Union can win is a hot war, not a cold war. Among all the ways of confrontation, the Soviet Union had to choose the worst path – the Cold War. Not only to engage in an arms race, but also than living standards. The biggest problem with the Soviet Union was that the tone was too high. The Soviet Union was a typical “savior” regime, which did not exist as a nation-state from the very beginning. Trotsky’s soul has never left the Soviet Union, and the Soviet Union has always claimed that it should be the arsenal of world revolution, burning itself to save mankind. In the official declaration of the Soviet Union, the happiness of the Soviet people has never been the ultimate goal of struggle. Their ultimate goal is to swept the world’s global opposition and realize the great unity of mankind.
The slogan sounds hot, but it costs money. Objectively speaking, with the level of science and technology and material resources of the Soviet Union, if they are properly deployed, if only one is chosen to solve the arms race and the lives of the people, they can handle it. There is no problem. Not to mention the capability of the arms race, everyone can see it. Under the Soviet Union’s policy of using military force, the level of armament of the Warsaw Pact has never been lower than that of NATO. If the Soviet Union is willing to maintain such a situation, it can continue to support the military confrontation with the United States, no problem. What if you don’t engage in military competition, but only in the lives of the people? In fact, it is also possible, at least it will not be left behind too much by Europe and the United States. Cut off more than half of the Soviet Union’s five million troops, cut two-thirds of the 140,000 tanks and armored vehicles, withdraw the troops from all over the world, and stop the huge amount of aid to Asia, Africa and Latin America. The resources are totally astronomical. According to Gorbachev’s recollection, when he took over, the Soviet Union’s military expenditure accounted for 40% of the fiscal budget and 20% of the total output value, which was even close to the level of a wartime country. If it can be rationally allocated, even if it is a planned economy, the living standards of the Soviet people can go up a lot. Kosygin’s reforms and Andropov’s reforms proved that the planned economy of the Soviet Union has not yet reached the point of exhaustion, and it is very possible to gradually reform with reasonable measures and to prosper again. However, if you do both of them, you won’t be able to do it.
The Cold War is such a struggle – you can’t relax militarily, you can’t fall behind in technology, and your people’s living standards can’t be poor, otherwise your social system will be backward! So the Soviet people’s sense of disparity is very strong. On the one hand, oneself is a first world country, the big brother of the proletariat, the core of the world. Domestic rockets go to the sky and aircraft carriers go to sea, aircraft carrier nuclear submarines run across the ocean, 60,000 tanks crush Western Europe, and tens of thousands of nuclear bombs are the ballast of the world’s proletariat. However, right now you are struggling to even buy some good toilet paper, the color TV will explode as soon as you use it, no one will repair your sewer pipes, and your family of five is crowded into an old building of 60 square meters, sharing the bathroom and kitchen with others. At this point you must be thinking – why is all this? If liberating human beings is to live a life like mine, then what is the point of liberating human beings? Every time I see imported goods from Japan and Western Europe, I get the feeling that they don’t need our liberation.
In fact, whenever I look back at the history of the Cold War, I feel the richness of the Soviet Union’s material resources. A large number of Asian, African and Latin American countries such as North Korea, Vietnam, Yemen, and Angola are all blood-letting tanks of the Soviet Union, and Afghanistan is a super-gold-eating beast. However, under this circumstance, the Soviet Union can still maintain armaments on a terrifying scale, and under such corrupt conditions of the CPSU, the common people are still living a decent life, and I have to sigh that Big Brother has a solid foundation. The disintegration of the Soviet Union, for the Soviet people, is a large-scale “Dragon Yingtai”-style carnival – we don’t want the rise of a big country, but only the dignity of the small people. Although it was later proved that without the rise of a great power, the Soviet people did not gain the dignity of a small citizen. But this was an afterthought, and for the Soviets at the time, they definitely expected change more than the status quo. Many people say that before the collapse of the Soviet Union, more than 70% of the Soviet people agreed to keep the Soviet Union. But what they didn’t say was that the vast majority of them agreed to maintain a new Soviet Union, not a socialist one. The Soviet Union regarded the Soviet people as the fuel for the world revolution, and the common people were burned to ashes and disheartened.
Novak is probably one of the most famous Vilvians in the world right now, and his status at home is like a “national hero”. After Novak was detained in a quarantine hotel by Australian authorities, there have been several demonstrations in solidarity with Novak in the country. Serbian President Aleksandar Vucic has denounced Australia’s Morrison government as a “political witch hunt”. As Serbia welcomes Orthodox Christmas this week, local Orthodox religious leaders also called on the public to pray for the “son of the nation”.
Benefiting from the vaccine provided by China, the vaccination program in Serbia has been carried out quite smoothly. However, due to people’s distrust of the government and frequent corruption scandals and other reasons, the situation of vaccine suspicion has fermented, and the progress of vaccination has stalled.
In Serbia, the voices of solidarity with Novak are endless. Demonstrators took to the streets, some holding portraits of Zugaoyu, some waving national flags, and some holding crosses.
Civil support for Novak is high, and it seems that the official “endorsement” is inseparable. Politicians strongly support Novak, especially with the Serbian election just three months away. Since the incident, the Serbian government has spoken out many times, which has escalated into a diplomatic turmoil between Australia and Serbia. In addition to the bombardment issued by President Vucic, the prime ministers of the two countries have also contacted the incident and will keep in touch on the incident. But Novak’s release remains uncertain, with Immigration Minister Alex Hawke saying he is considering using his personal powers to deport Novak.
“It’s a disgrace,” said Dusan Stojic, a 67-year-old retiree, weeping at the demonstration in the capital Belgrade. For some Serbs, the Australian government is targeting Novak because of their national identity and even racial discrimination. Novak fan Marinko Bulatovic said: “It’s not about the vaccine, it’s because he’s a Serb and the best tennis player in the world.”
“There are so many tricks and persecutions because the best things come from a small Balkan country,” said another protester, Marija Santic.
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Jason Tech & Finance News 