How does Tacrolimus work?

Tacrolimus

How does Tacrolimus work?
Tacrolimus is an immunosuppressant that inhibits calcineurin, thereby inhibiting cytokine release and production. This reduces the activity of T lymphocytes, which in turn reduces the activity of the immune system. Tacrolimus is used to prevent and treat organ transplant rejection and to treat eczema.

How to use Tacrolimus and adjust dosage?
Tacrolimus can be administered topically as an ointment or orally as capsules and sustained-action capsules. Administration with or without food is also possible, but if gastrointestinal intolerance occurs, it is administered with food. Sustained-action capsules should not be opened, chewed, or crushed. Its uses and dosages are listed below.

Moderate to severe atopic dermatitis
Children over two years old, adults and seniors
Ointment: Apply only a thin layer to the affected area twice a day until symptoms resolve or after six weeks. Reassess the condition at that time.

Liver transplant
Adults and seniors
Quick-Acting Capsules: 0.1-0.15 mg/kg daily in two divided doses, every twelve hours, with corticosteroids.
Sustained Action Capsules: 0.1-0.2 mg/kg once daily with corticosteroids within twelve to eighteen hours post-transplant.

Heart Transplant
Adults and seniors
Fast-Acting Capsules: 0.075 mg/kg daily in two divided doses every twelve hours, with antimetabolites or mTOR kinase.

Kidney transplant
Adults and seniors
Quick-Acting Capsules: 0.2 mg/kg per day, taken in two divided doses every 12 hours, together with azathioprine or mycophenolate mofetil.
Sustained Action Capsules:
After induction with basiliximab: 0.15-0.2 mg/kg once daily.
After induction without basiliximab: 0.1 mg/kg once within 12 hours before surgery; 0.2 mg/kg once daily after surgery.

What are the side effects of Tacrolimus?
Common side effects of tacrolimus include cardiopulmonary failure, fibrillation, hair loss, bladder spasms, leukopenia, and blurred vision.

Who should not use Tacrolimus?
Those who are allergic to tacrolimus, polyoxyethylene 60 hydrogenated castor oil (HCO-60), or any ingredient in their formulations

Pharmacist Tip:
Rub gently and thoroughly to apply the ointment, applying only to the affected area.
Do not obscure the applied area.
Discontinue use when symptoms disappear.
Wash hands before and after use.
Administration with or without food is also possible, but if gastrointestinal intolerance occurs, it is administered with food.
Sustained-action capsules should not be opened, chewed, or crushed.

Common taking time:
Oral tacrolimus is taken twice a day, for example, in the morning and evening.
Tacrolimus ointment is applied in a thin layer twice a day, for example in the morning and evening after a bath.

The information is for reference only, and the actual medication time will be adjusted according to individual circumstances.

Common possible conflicting drugs:
Immunosuppressants such as Tacrolimus, Mycophenolate, Sirolimus
Statins such as Simvastatin, Atorvastatin, Pravastatin
Aminoglycosides such as Vancomycin, Amikacin, Tobramycin
Antidiabetic drugs such as Metformin, Sitagliptin, Gliclazide
QT prolongers such as Amiodarone, Dronedarone, Amisulpride

Tacrolimus may interact with many drugs. If you are taking the above medicines, please inform your doctor or pharmacist, the dosage may need to be adjusted.

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How does Leuprorelin work?

Leuprorelin

How does Leuprorelin work?
Leuprolide is a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist. It balances hormones in the body and treats problems caused by hormonal imbalances.

Leuprolide is used to treat breast cancer, advanced prostate cancer, endometriosis, uterine fibroids, and precocious puberty (premature puberty in young children).

How to use Leuprorelin and adjust the dose?
Your healthcare provider will give leuprolide either intramuscularly or subcutaneously. The usual dose is 11.25 mg every three months or 2.75 mg every month. Allow your doctor to determine the dosage and frequency of medication needed depending on the condition.

Palliative care for advanced prostate cancer
Aldult
3.75 mg every month or 11.25 mg every three months.

Endometriosis
Aldult
3.75 mg every month or 11.25 mg every three months for a maximum of six months with no repeat courses. Begin treatment on the first five days of the menstrual cycle.

Uterine fibroids
Aldult
3.75 mg every month or 11.25 mg every three months for up to six months. Begin treatment on the first five days of the menstrual cycle. The course of treatment usually takes three months.

Central precocious puberty
Child
Injection every four weeks. Drugs should be stopped by age 11 for girls and 12 for boys.

What are the side effects of Leuprorelin?
Common side effects of leuprolide include headache, dizziness, nausea, stomach upset, weight gain, hot flashes, trouble sleeping, muscle or back aches, breast pain, sweating, acne or pimples, and pain and redness at the injection site.

Who should not use Leuprorelin?
Those who are allergic to leuprolide or any component of its preparation
Those who are allergic to gonadotropin-releasing hormone and its derivatives
People with abnormal vaginal bleeding
men with severe osteoporosis
Pregnant Women / Breastfeeding Women / Family Planning Women

Pharmacist Tip:
You may need regular blood tests.
Tell your doctor right away if you have seizures, a burning sensation in the tumor, chest pain, tightness, or difficulty breathing while using this medicine.
People with diabetes should watch for symptoms of high blood sugar and report any difficulties with blood sugar control to their doctor.

Common taking time:
Your doctor will determine the medication and frequency needed depending on your condition.

Common possible conflicting drugs:
Antiarrhythmic drugs such as Amiodarone, Quinidine, Disopyramide, Sotalol
QT prolongers such as Dronedarone, Amisulpride, Pimozide
Anastrozole
Moxifloxacin
Methadone

If you are taking the above medicines, please inform your doctor or pharmacist, the dosage may need to be adjusted.

How does Alfuzosin work?

Alfuzosin

How does Alfuzosin work?
Fluoxoxine is a drug used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia. It cannot be used to treat high blood pressure.

How to use and adjust the dosage of Alfuzosin?
Fluxoxine is an oral medication and should be taken on a full stomach. Fluoroxin should be taken with the same meal each day. Swallow the medicine whole without chewing or crushing it.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia
Aldult
Take 2.5 mg three times a day, with a maximum daily dose of 10 mg.
Senior citizens
Start with 2.5 mg twice daily, then increase the dose based on drug response.

What are the side effects of Alfuzosin?
Common side effects of fluoroxacin include muscle weakness, diarrhea, dizziness, dry mouth, headache, tiredness, nausea and vomiting, postural hypotension, and dizziness.

Who should not use Alfuzosin?
People who are allergic to fluoroxoxine or any component of its preparation.
People with impaired liver function or suffering from liver failure.
People who are taking CYP3A4 inhibitors, such as Ketoconazole, Itraconazole, Ritonavir.

Pharmacist Tip:
This drug may make you dizzy, so avoid any activity that requires high concentration (such as driving a car or operating machinery) until you know its effects.

Common taking time:
Fluxoxine should be taken immediately after the same meal each day.

The information is for reference only, and the actual medication time will be adjusted according to individual circumstances.

Common possible conflicting drugs:
Blood pressure medicines, such as Atenolol, Verapamil
CYP3A4 inhibitors such as Ketoconazole, Itraconazole, Ritonavir
Cimetidine

If you are taking the above medicines, please inform your doctor or pharmacist, the dosage may need to be adjusted.

How does Whey Protein work?

Whey Protein (Supplement)

How does Whey Protein work?
Whey is the liquid portion of curdled milk, while whey protein is a group of proteins isolated from whey that includes glutamic acid, arginine, albumin, and leucine (one of the BCAAs). They can be easily absorbed by the body to provide a quick protein supplement. Therefore, if you are not getting enough protein from your diet, whey protein can be used as a dietary supplement. The recommended daily dietary protein intake for adults is 0.8 g/kg. For older adults, the recommended daily dietary intake is 1-1.2 g/kg. For athletes, the recommended daily dietary intake is approximately 1.2-2 g/kg.

How to use Whey Protein and adjust dosage?
Whey protein is usually taken by mouth in powder form. You can add the powder to drinks or food to make it easier to eat. The amount of powder to add depends on your daily protein needs.

What are the side effects of Whey Protein?
Side effects of taking whey protein are diarrhea and allergies. Whey protein should be avoided if you are allergic to milk.

Who is not suitable for using Whey Protein?
People with kidney disease should not consume high amounts of protein in their diet, including taking protein supplements.

Pharmacist Tip:
Most people should get adequate amounts of whey/protein from a healthy diet. Protein is found in many foods, including red meat, eggs, beans, seafood, poultry, and milk.

Common taking time:
Take whey protein supplements according to the product label. Usually once or twice a day.

The information is for reference only, and the actual medication time will be adjusted according to individual circumstances.

Common possible conflicting drugs:
There are no known drug interactions with whey protein.

If you are taking the above medicines, please inform your doctor or pharmacist, the dosage may need to be adjusted.

How does Dihydrocodeine work?

Dihydrocodeine
Usage: Moderate to severe pain, dry cough

How does Dihydrocodeine work?
Dihydrocodeine is an opioid pain reliever. It works by blocking pain nerve signals from reaching the brain. Dihydrocodeine can relieve moderate to severe pain. Dihydrocodeine also has antitussive properties and is used as a cough suppressant.

How to use Dihydrocodeine and adjust the dosage?
Dihydrocodeine is an oral medication and is commonly available in pills, oral liquids, and syrups. Dihydrocodeine should be taken after meals.

Relieve moderate to severe pain
Aldult
Take 30 mg every four to six hours as needed.

Children (12-17 years old)
Take 30 mg every four to six hours.

Children (4-11 years old)
Every four to six hours, the dose is 0.5-1 mg per kilogram of body weight, not to exceed 30 mg per dose.

Children (1-3 years old)
Take 500 mcg every four to six hours.

What are the side effects of Dihydrocodeine?
Common side effects of dihydrocodeine include constipation, dizziness, dry mouth, agitation, hallucinations, difficulty breathing (in high doses), flushing, headache, nausea, and vomiting (more common when you first start taking it). Like other opioids, long-term use of dihydrocodeine has the potential to lead to resistance or addiction, which can lead to severe withdrawal symptoms when discontinued.

Who should not use Dihydrocodeine?
– Persons allergic to dihydrocodeine or any component of its preparations.
– Those who have been or are currently suffering from alcohol or drug dependence.
– Patients with respiratory distress, severe bronchial asthma or gastrointestinal obstruction.

Pharmacist Tip:
– Opioids can be addictive and may develop intolerance after prolonged use.
– In case of serious side effects, such as difficulty breathing, tell your doctor or pharmacist.
– If you have been using dihydrocodeine for a long time, do not stop it suddenly on your own.
– Eat more high-fiber foods, drink more water, and exercise more to reduce side effects (constipation).
– It is best to avoid alcohol while taking dihydrocodeine.

Common taking time:
Dihydrocodeine can be taken every four to eight hours, or as needed. Dihydrocodeine should be taken after meals.

The information is for reference only, and the actual medication time will be adjusted according to individual circumstances.

Common possible conflicting drugs:
– Antidepressants such as Amitriptyline, Doxepin
– Antipsychotics such as Aripiprazole, Risperidone, Olanzapine
– Benzodiazepines such as Lorazepam, Midazolam
– Blood pressure lowering drugs such as Atenolol, Verapamil
– Monoamine oxidase inhibitors such as Selegiline

If you are taking the above medicines, please inform your doctor or pharmacist, the dosage may need to be adjusted.

How does Tamoxifen work?

Tamoxifen
Uses: Gynecomastia, cancer hormone therapy, female infertility, breast cancer treatment, breast cancer prevention

How does Tamoxifen work?
Tamoxifen is an anti-estrogen that blocks the action of estrogen in the body to treat disorders related to hormonal disorders. Tamoxifen is used in the prevention and treatment of breast cancer, as well as in the treatment of anovulatory infertility and the prevention of breast development in male patients due to drug use.

How to use Tamoxifen and adjust the dose?
Tamoxifen is an oral medication that can be taken on an empty or full stomach.

Breast cancer treatment
Aldult
Take 20 mg daily.

Preventing Breast Cancer in High-Risk Women
Aldult
Take 20 mg daily for five years.

Ovulatory Infertility
Aldult
Take 20 mg daily on days 2, 3, 4 and 5 of the menstrual cycle. If necessary, increase the dose to 40 mg per day and then 80 mg per day in subsequent menstrual cycles. For women with irregular menstrual periods, treatment can be started any day and repeated after forty-five days, or on the second day of the next menstrual period.

Gynecomastia (due to antiandrogen drugs)
aldult
Take 20 mg once a week.

What are the side effects of Tamoxifen?
Common side effects of tamoxifen include dizziness, fatigue, vision problems, headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, changes in taste, muscle or joint pain, hot flashes, and hair loss.

Who should not use Tamoxifen?
Those who are allergic to tamoxifen or any component of its preparations
People who have had or are currently suffering from deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism
People taking Anastrozole

Pharmacist Tip:
This drug may cause vision problems, so avoid driving a car or operating machinery until you know its effects.
You will need regular blood tests, liver function tests, breast exams, and eye exams while you are taking this medicine. Your doctor may perform other tests for you.
Pregnancy should be avoided during treatment and for at least two months after the last dose. Use effective non-hormonal contraception, such as condoms, when needed.
Do not reduce your dose or stop the medication on your own, even if you may not be feeling unwell.
Tell your doctor right away if you have menstrual irregularities, unusual vaginal bleeding, or pelvic pain while using this medication.

Common taking time:
It is usually taken once a day. Try to take the medicine at the same time each day.

The information is for reference only, and the actual medication time will be adjusted according to individual circumstances.

Common possible conflicting drugs:
Antidepressants, such as bupropion (Bupropion), fluoxetine (Fluoxetine), paroxetine (Paroxetine)
Other cancer drugs, such as Aminoglutethimide, Letrozole
Anastrozole
Warfarin
Quinidine
Rifampicin

Tamoxifen may counteract with multiple medications. If you are taking the above medicines, please inform your doctor or pharmacist, the dosage may need to be adjusted.

How does Vibramycin work?

Vibramycin
Uses: syphilis, traveler’s diarrhea, pneumonia, other bacterial infections, pelvic inflammatory disease, acne/acne, prophylaxis against malaria, peritonitis

How does Vibramycin work?
Vibramycin is a product that contains doxycycline. Doxycycline is a tetracycline antibiotic that prevents bacterial growth by interfering with bacterial protein biosynthesis. Vibramycin is commonly used to treat a variety of bacterial infections such as acne, pelvic inflammatory disease, travelers’ diarrhea, and more.

How to use Vibramycin and adjust dosage?
Vibramycin is an oral tablet that can be taken on an empty or full stomach. Take with food to avoid indigestion or stomach irritation.

Treat suspected infection
Adults and children over 45 kg

Take 200 mg in one dose on the first day, or in two doses twelve hours apart; then take 100 mg once a day. For severe infection, take 200 mg daily.

Children under 45 kg

Take 4.4 mg/kg body weight in two divided doses on day 1; then 2.2 mg/kg body weight daily. For severe infection, take 2.2 mg/kg body weight every 12 hours.

Treatment of syphilis
Aldult
Take 300 mg in divided doses daily for at least ten days.

Prevent Traveler’s Diarrhea
Aldult

Take 200 mg in one dose on the first day of travel, or in two divided doses; during the trip, take 100 mg once daily.

What are the side effects of Vibramycin?
Common side effects of Vibramycin include diarrhea, headache, nausea and vomiting, and photosensitivity reactions.

Who should not use Vibramycin:
Those who are allergic to any of the ingredients of their preparations.
Pregnant Women / Breastfeeding Women / Family Planning Women

Pharmacist Tip:
This drug may cause photosensitivity reactions. Avoid prolonged exposure to sunlight and UV rays. Use sun protection precautions, such as sunscreen, if needed.
Do not take products containing magnesium, calcium, or iron, such as antacids, at least two hours before or four hours after taking this medicine.

Common taking time:

Can be taken on an empty or full stomach. Take with food to avoid indigestion or stomach irritation. Avoid taking this medication after a large meal.

The information is for reference only, and the actual medication time will be adjusted according to individual circumstances.

Common possible conflicting drugs:
Antacid
Camazepam
Isotretinoin

If you are taking the above medicines, please inform your doctor or pharmacist, the dosage may need to be adjusted.

How does Stemetil work?

Stemetil
Uses: schizophrenia, nausea and vomiting, mania, dizziness, anxiety

How does Stemetil work?
Stemetil is a product that contains prochlorperazine. Prochlorperazine is a typical antipsychotic. It can balance the chemical substances in the brain that transmit messages, reduce excessive neurological activity in the brain, and restore normal emotions and behaviors. Stemetil can be used to treat anxiety and schizophrenia, as well as to relieve symptoms of nausea, vomiting and inner ear vertigo (caused by ear disease).

How to use Stemetil and adjust dosage?
Stemetil is an oral medication. Oral dosages of Stemetil are listed below:

Vertigo symptoms of inner ear vertigo or Meniere’s syndrome
Aldult
Take 5 mg three times daily, then gradually increase the dose to 30 mg daily in divided doses. After a few weeks, the dose can be reduced to 5-10 mg per day.
Senior citizens
Lower doses may be required.

Feel sick and vomit
Aldult
To prevent nausea and vomiting, take 5-10 mg two to three times a day.
For nausea and vomiting, the first dose is 20 mg. If needed, take 10 mg two hours later.
Senior citizens
Lower doses may be required.
Children (1 year old or above, weighing 10 kg or more)
Take 0.25 mg/kg body weight two to three times a day.

Short-term management of severe anxiety
Aldult
for adjuvant therapy. Initially take 15-20 mg daily in divided doses. If necessary, the dose can be increased to a maximum of 40 mg per day.
Senior citizens
Lower doses may be required.

Mania, schizophrenia
Aldult
Take 12.5 mg twice daily for the first seven days, then gradually increase the dose every four to seven days until a favorable response is achieved. The usual dose is 75-100 mg taken daily.
Senior citizens
Lower doses may be required.

What are the side effects of Stemetil?
Common side effects of Stemetil include heart palpitations, irregular heartbeat, constipation, dizziness, drowsiness, dry mouth, insomnia, seizures, tremors, and vomiting.

Who should not use Stemetil:
Those who are allergic to prochlorperazine, phenothiazine, or any component of their preparations
Children under the age of two or weighing less than 9 kg (20 lbs)
person in a coma
People who have taken large amounts of CNS depressants (eg, alcohol, opioids, barbiturates)

Pharmacist Tip:
Avoid alcohol and antacids during treatment.
Do not stop taking this medication suddenly, even if you are feeling well.
Because Stemetil may make you drowsy, you should avoid driving or operating machinery until you know the effects of the drug.
Stemetil has the opportunity to make your skin more sensitive to sunlight. Avoid exposure to direct sunlight or high temperatures while taking this medicine.
When getting up from a sitting or supine position, be careful to slow down your movements to reduce the dizziness caused by postural hypotension.
Tell your doctor right away if you experience extrapyramidal side effects while using this drug, such as restlessness, persistent muscle contractions, tremors, and repetitive dance movements.
This drug may cause false-positive results on some pregnancy tests.

Common taking time:
Stemetil can be taken on an empty or full stomach; taking it with food may help reduce gastrointestinal discomfort.

The information is for reference only, and the actual medication time will be adjusted according to individual circumstances.

Common possible conflicting drugs:

Lithium
antacid
Cardiac medicines such as Propranolol, Amiodarone
Tricyclic antidepressants such as Amitriptyline, Doxepin
Antipsychotics such as Aripiprazole, Risperidone, Olanzapine
Antiparkinsonian drugs, such as Levodopa-Carbidopa

If you are taking the above medicines, please inform your doctor or pharmacist, the dosage may need to be adjusted.

How does Pristine work?

Pristine
Uses: Seborrheic dermatitis, dandruff

How does Pristine work?
Pristine is a product that contains ketoconazole. Ketoconazole is an imidazole antifungal drug used to treat dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis (a skin condition caused by excess oil production).

How to use Pristine and adjust dosage?
Pristine is a topical shampoo. Wet your hair and scalp thoroughly with water, then apply a sufficient amount of shampoo to wash your scalp and hair. Gently massage all over scalp (to create enough lather) and allow lather to stay on scalp for 3-5 minutes, then rinse thoroughly.

To “treat” seborrheic dermatitis and dandruff, use twice a week for two to four weeks.

To “prevent” seborrheic dermatitis and dandruff, use once a day for one to two weeks.

What are the side effects of Pristine?
Common side effects of Pristine include skin irritation and itching.

Who should not use Pristine?
People who are allergic to ketoconazole or any component of its preparations.

Pharmacist Tip:
Do not apply on broken or inflamed skin (including scalp).
Avoid getting medicine in eyes. In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately and thoroughly with water.

Common taking time:
Pristine needs to be used twice a week for two to four weeks.

The information is for reference only, and the actual medication time will be adjusted according to individual circumstances.

Common possible conflicting drugs:
No.

If you are taking the above medicines, please inform your doctor or pharmacist, the dosage may need to be adjusted.

How does Nidol work?

Nidol
Uses: menstrual pain, acute pain

How does Nidol work?
Nidol is a product that contains nimesulide. Nimesulide is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory pain reliever (NSAID) that works by inhibiting the production of prostaglandins, thereby reducing pain.

Therefore, Nidol can be used to relieve various acute pain conditions and menstrual pain.

How to use Nidol and adjust dosage?
Common dosage forms of Nidol are tablets and sachets, which are only suitable for people over twelve years of age. The usual dose is 50-100 mg per day.

What are the side effects of Nidol?
Common side effects of Nidol are indigestion, nausea, and bleeding stomach ulcers. Long-term use can cause kidney or liver damage and increase the risk of cardiovascular disease.

Who should not use the brand name Nidol:
Those who are allergic to any of the ingredients of their preparations.
People who have allergic reactions after taking aspirin or other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory pain relievers. Tell your doctor or pharmacist if symptoms such as hives, facial redness, or heart palpitations occur after taking this medicine.
People with heart failure or high blood pressure.
People with gastrointestinal bleeding or gastrointestinal ulcers.

Pharmacist Tip:
Do not use more than one product containing non-steroidal anti-inflammatory pain relievers at the same time.
When taking the powder, stir thoroughly and ensure that the powder is completely dissolved in the water.

Common taking time:
Nidol can be taken on an empty or full stomach. Take with food to avoid indigestion or stomach irritation.

The information is for reference only, and the actual medication time will be adjusted according to individual circumstances.

Common possible conflicting drugs:

Lithium
Cyclosporin
Methotrexate
Other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory pain relievers such as Aspirin, Diclofenac
Diuretics such as Furosemide, Hydrochlorothiazide
Antidepressants such as Fluoxetine, Paroxetine

If you are taking the above medicines, please inform your doctor or pharmacist, the dosage may need to be adjusted.